Optimasi Proses Sokletasi Menggunakan Metode Permukaan Respon dan Karakterisasi Minyak Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana)

Authors

  • Yeti Widyawati Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Jayabaya
  • Frida Ayu Megaswara
  • Setiaji Adi Permana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31479/jtek.v7i2.47

Abstract

Biji alpukat sebagai limbah banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Biji alpukat memiliki kandungan minyak yang cukup besar sehingga berpotensi untuk dijadikan salah satu sumber minyak nabati. Biji alpukat dikeringkan dengan oven dan ditumbuk menjadi bubuk dengan mortar dan alu. Ekstraksi soklet digunakan untuk mengekstraksi minyaknya. Pelarut yang digunakan untuk ekstraksi minyak adalah heptanol. Minyak yang diekstraksi dipisahkan dari pelarut dengan evaporator vakum.  Optimasi proses ekstraksi menggunakan Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) dengan memvariasikan waktu ekstraksi, suhu ekstraksi, dan volume pelarut n-heptana. Karakteristik parameter sifat fisiko minyak ditentukan. Uji ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (p<0,05) menunjukkan bahwa variabel penelitian memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada yield minyak biji alpukat. Karakteristik minyak biji alpukat yang dihasilkan yaitu berwarna oranye, yield 2,8112 %, kadar air 0,0915 %, densitas 0,8138 g/ml, dan FFA 0,0997 %. Analisis komposisi asam lemak minyak biji alpukat yaitu  asam linoleat sebesar 47,3531% (b/b), asam lemak jenuh berupa asam palmitat sebesar 20,3439% (b/b), dan asam lemak tidak jenuh tunggal yaitu asam oleat sebesar 15,8823% (b/b). Yield optimum pada penelitian ini dipengaruhi oleh variabel operasi, dimana rendemen optimum adalah saat waktu ekstraksi 2 jam, massa biji 10 gram, suhu ekstraksi 300°C dan volume pelarut 180 ml.

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Published

2020-05-28